* Chairman Department of Kashmiryat, Punjab University, Lahore.

** Research Associate: Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir

1. "State Profile-About Punjab". Punjab Government.

2. "Border Area Development Programs in Punjab". Department of Planning Punjab.

3. Sufi, GMD. Kashir A history of Kashmir. The Punjab University, Lahore. 1948. P. 15

4. Ibid……. P. 21

5. Hashmatullah, Molvi. Tareekh-e-Jammu. Verinaag Publishers, Mirpur. 1991. P. 47

6. Schofield, Victoria. Kashmir in Conflict, New York: I. B. Taurus & Co. 2000. pp 4-5

7. Ibid

8. Schofield, Victoria. Kashmir in Conflict, London, and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co. 2000 pp. 15

9. Parashar, Parmanand. Kashmir The Paradise of Asia, Sarup& Sons. 2004.  p.4

10. C. Baron V. Hugel. (Annotated by D.C. Sharma) Kashmir Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Atlantic Publishers &Dist, 1984. P.20

11. Punjab revisited: an anthology of 70 research documents on the history and culture of undivided Punjab, Gautam Publishers, 1995. p. 576

12. Snedden, Christopher. Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press. 2015. p.65

13. Schofield, Victoria. Kashmir in Conflict. 2010. p. 118.

14. Sufi, GMD. Kashir A history of Kashmir. The Punjab University, Lahore. 1948. P. 741

15. Jalal, Ayesha. Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850, Routledge. 2002. P. 352

16. Bose, Sumantra. Transforming India, Harvard University Press. 2013. 233-34 pp

17. Zutshi, Chitralekha. Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 2004. P. 52

18. Kaul, Gwasha Lal. Kashmir Then and Now: A Historical Survey 5000 B.C. to 1972 A.D. Gulshan Books. Srinagar. 2013. pp. 121-132.

19. Rai, Mridu. Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co. 2004.  pp. 148–149.

20. Ibid.

21. Altaf Hussain, The Wounded Paradise, s.p.,1991, p. 103

22. Chowdhary, Rekha, Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism, Routledge, 2015, p. 8.

23. Jalal, Ayesha, Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850, Routledge. 2002. P. 352

24. ManeeshaTikekar. Across the Wagah: An Indian's Sojourn in Pakistan. Bibliophile South Asia. 2004. pp. 253.

25. P. Akhtar. British Muslim Politics: Examining Pakistani Biraderi Networks. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2013. p. 32.

26. Sevea, Iqbal Singh. The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal: Islam and Nationalism in Late Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. 2012.  p. 16.

27. P.K. Kaul. Pahāṛi and other tribal dialects of Jammu, Volume 1. Eastern Book Linkers. 2006. P. 45

28. Shah, Sabir. "Ayaz Sadiq: Yet another Arain legislator wins from Lahore". The News International. An exclusive research conducted by the “Jang Group and Geo Television Network” shows that the Arain and Kashmiri communities have spearheaded the power politics in Lahore district since independence.2015.

29. Zutshi, Chitralekha. Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 2004.  pp. 191–192.

30. Daily Inqabalab, Lahore 16 Aug to 2 Sep 1931

31. Ameer Afzal. TareekhAhrar. Lahore, 1968. P. 55

32. Abbasi, Muhammad Sarwar. Kashmiri MusalmanokiJadoo jehad-e-Azadi. Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad. 1992. P. 410