* Department of Pakistani Languages, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.

1. Nasir Abbas Nayyar, Dr.- Saqafti Shanakht aur Istaimari Ijaradari (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2014)19.

2. Stephen Slemon- “Modernism's Last Post” in “Past the Last Post: Theorizing Post-Colonialism and Post-Modernism” (Edited by Ian Adam and Helen Tiffin), ‎ (Calgary Canada: University of Calgary Press, 1990)3.

3. Suhail, Muhammad Aamir- Nau Abadiyaat o Ma’baad Nau Abadiyaat: Nazria, Tarikh, Itlaq (Lahore: Aqs Publication, 2019)11.

4. Bill Ashcroft, Griffith, Tiffin (Editors), The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, (London: Routledge, 1995)117.

5. Raman Selden, Peter Widdowson, Ma’baad Nau Abadiyaati: Aik Taaruf (Translated by Sayyed Imtiaz Ahmed), in Ma’baad Jadidiyat: Nazri Mabahis (Edited by Dr. Nasir Abbas Nayyar), (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2018)196.

6. Wahab Ashrafi, Ma'baad Jadidiyat: Muzmirat-o-Mumkinat (Ilah Abad: Kitab Mahal, 2002)128.

7. Suhail, Muhammad Aamir- Nau Abadiyaat-o-Ma’baad Nau Abadiyaat: Nazriya, Tarikh, Itlaq, 42.

8. Sayyed Shabbir Bukhari- Macaulay aur Barr-e-Saghir ka Nizam-e-Taleem (Yaddasht, Hawashi, Taaliqaat), (Lahore: Aaina-e-Adab, 1986)65.

9. Nasir Abbas Nayyar, Dr.- Saqafti Shanakht aur Istaimari Ijaradari, 15.

10. Nau Abadiyaat-o-Ma’baad Nau Abadiyaat: Nazriya, Tarikh, Itlaq, 543.

11. Robert Young, Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race, (London, Routledge, 1995)161.

12. Bhabha, Homi K- The Location of Culture (New York: Routledge, 2004)122

13. Saqafti Shanakht aur Istaimari Ijaradari, P:16

14. Nasir Abbas Nayyar, Dr.- Lisaniyaat aur Tanqeed, Islamabad: Poorab Akadmi, 2009, 24.

15. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffith & Helen Tiffin (Editors), Post-Colonial Studies (The Key Concepts) (New York: Routledge, 2nd Edition, 2007) 53,54.