¹               Research Associate, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad.

²               Professor Department of Kashmiryat, Punjab University, Lahore.

³               Lecturer Govt. Girls Inter College, Dadyal Mirpur, Azad Kashmir.

 

Duggal, K.S. 1989. Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign. India: Abhinav Publication. P. 25

[1] Hashmi, A.R. 2022. Geostrategic Significance of Kashmir: Reassessing the Historical evaluation of Dogra Rule over Kashmir (1846 AD to 1947 AD). Department of Kashmiryat, Oriental College Punjab University, Lahore. P. 131.

[1] Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2005), Sikhism, Religions of the World, Chelsea House Publications. pp. 106-107.

[1] Melton, J. Gordon (2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 1163.

[1] Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2005), Sikhism, Religions of the World, Chelsea House Publications, P. 98.

[1] Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004), Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia, Volume 3, ABC-CLIO. pp. 345-355.

[1] Singh, Pritam (2008), Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy, Routledge. pp. 23-29.

[1] Ibid pp. 25-26.

[1] Singh, Kulwant (2006). Sri Gur Panth Prakash: Episodes 1 to 81. Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 415.

[1] Patwant Singh (2007). The Sikhs. Crown Publishing Group. p. 270.

[1] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ranjit Singh”. Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 892.

[1] http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/khalsa/index.html

[1] Singh, Khushwant (11 October 2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 165.

[1] Kakshi, S.R.; Pathak, Rashmi; Bakshi, S.R.; Pathak, R. (2007). Punjab Through the Ages. Sarup and Son. pp. 141-149.

[1] Bhagata, Siṅgha (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 241hen

[1] Mittal, Satish Chandra (1986). Haryana, a Historical Perspective. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 11.

[1] Singh, Patwant (2001). The Sikhs.  (Doubleday). pp. 78–79

[1] Kakshi, S.R.; Rashmi Pathak; S.R.Bakshi; R. Pathak (2007), Punjab Through the Ages, Sarup and Son, p. 8,

[1] Giorgio Shani (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 58.

[1] H. S. Singha (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Hemkunt Press. p. 39

[1] Gurdeep Kaur (2000). "Political Ethics of Guru Granth Sahib: The Concept of State". Deep and Deep Publications. p. 141.

[1] Singh, Patwant (2007). The Sikhs. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 87-99.

[1] Singh, R. N. (2003). Historical Development of Sikhism: Religion to Politics. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 105.

[1] Sen, Sailendra Nath (1994). Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96 Volume 2. Popular Prakashan. p. 30.

[1] Chaurasia, R. S. (2004). History of the Marathas. P. 168.

[1] Lefebvre, Georges (1969). Napoleon: From 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799–1807.

[1] Wellesley, Arthur (1859). Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797–1805. Vol. I. pp. 269–279, 319. 

[1] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ranjit Singh”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 892.

[1] Singh, Kushwant (2011). "Ranjit Singh (1780–1839)". In Singh, Harbans (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Vol. III M–R (Third ed.). Punjabi University Patiala. pp. 479-487.

[1] Patwant Singh (2008). Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Peter Owen. pp. 73-76.

[1] Harjot Oberoi (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 114-115.

[1] Jean Marie Lafont (2002). Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers. Oxford University Press. p. 64. 

[1] J. S. Grewal (1998). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. pp. 114-119.

[1] Patwant Singh (2008). Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Peter Owen. pp. 18, 177.

[1] Anita Anand (2015). Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 12.

[1] Patwant Singh (2008). Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Peter Owen. pp. 113-116.

[1] Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 299.

[1] Lee, Jonathan (2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. pp. 170-190.

[1] Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 109–110.

[1] Kenneth Pletcher (2010). The History of India. Britannica Educational Publishing. pp. 132-145.

[1] Roy, K.; Roy, L. D. H. K. (2011). War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849. Taylor & Francis. p. 147.

[1] Kartar Singh Duggal (2001). Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Last to Lay Arms. Abhinav Publications. p. 131.

[1] Hans, Surjit (April 2006). "Why are we sentimental about Ranjit Singh?". The Panjab, Past and Present. XXXVII-Part 1: 47.

[1] "Maharaja Ranjit Singh named greatest world leader in BBC Poll". The Economic Times.