Khoj, Institute of Punjabi and Cultural Studies, PU - Lahore

کھوج

Institute of Punjabi & Cultural Studies, Punjab University, Lahore
ISSN (print): 1992-6545
ISSN (online): 1992-6545

Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language

  • Azhar Munir Bhatti/
  • Dr. Abdul Majid Khan Rana/
  • Sajida Parveen/
  • October 06, 2022
Keywords
Punjabi language, Epistemic, Deontic, Commissive, Modality, Conditionals, Hypotheticality, Counterfactuality, Realis
Abstract

The current study aims at describing conditional sentences in Punjabi language. There is abundant research on the formation and description of Conditional sentences in world’s languages but there is study available to describe the phenomenon in Punjabi language. Punjabi language is spoken mostly in Pakistan and India and some other parts of the countries as well. In India, it is written in Gurmukhi script but in Pakistan Shahmukhi script that is a variant of perso-arabic script is used. In Indian perspective there are researches available about different linguistic aspects of this language but in Pakistan there is the dearth of research about its linguistic analysis. The study was started to answer the questions that how the conditionals are showing epistemic, deontic and commissive meanings and what level of hypotheticality is used in Punjabi conditionals. Though there are different terminologies used for the two parts of a conditional sentence but as the study oriented towards grammatical aspect so the researcher used the terminologies of protasis (if-clause) and apodosis (then-clause). The study concluded that a high degree of hypothecality can be shown in epistemic modals but for the deontic the problem is low degree of counterfactuality.Commissive conditionals show the commitment of speaker but that is only in realis mode of speech and irrelis meaning cannot be shown through commissive modality. Overall, we can say that Punjabi language is very rich in its morpho-syntax and that aspect needs to be researched upon; for which the higher education commission should allocate sufficient funding so that not only Punjabi language but also other indigenous languages could be explored for their rich linguistics.

References

*Ph.D student (Linguistics), The University of Lahore, Pakistan

**Lecturer in Education, IER, University of the Punjab, Pakistan

***Ph.D student (Linguistics), The University of Lahore, Pakistan

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How to cite

Bhatti, A. M., Rana, D. A. M. K., & Parveen, S. (2022). Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language. کھوج, 42(2). http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page

Retrieved from http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page

More citation formats
ACM SIG Proceedings
[1]Bhatti, A.M. et al. 2022. Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language. کھوج. 42, 2 (Nov. 2022).
ACS Nano
(1)Bhatti, A. M.; Rana, D. A. M. K.; Parveen, S. Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language. کھوج 2022, 42 (2).
ABNT
BHATTI, Azhar Munir; RANA, Dr. Abdul Majid Khan; PARVEEN, Sajida. Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language. کھوج, v. 42, n. 2, 28 Nov.2022.
Chicago (author-date)

            
Harvard (Cite Them Right)
Bhatti, A.M., Rana, D.A.M.K. and Parveen, S. (2022) “Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language”, کھوج, 42(2). Available at: http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page (Accessed: 3 June 2026).
IEEE
[1]A. M. Bhatti, D. A. M. K. Rana, and S. Parveen, “Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language”, کھوج, vol. 42, no. 2, Nov. 2022, Accessed: June 03, 2026. [Online]. Available: http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page
MLA
Bhatti, Azhar Munir, et al. “Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language”. کھوج, vols. 42, nos. 2, Nov. 2022, http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page.
Turabian (full note bibliography)
Bhatti, Azhar Munir, Dr. Abdul Majid Khan Rana, and Sajida Parveen. “Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language”. کھوج 42, no. 2 (November 28, 2022). Accessed June 3, 2026. http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page.
Vancouver
1.Bhatti AM, Rana DAMK, Parveen S. Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language. کھوج [Internet]. 2022 Nov. 28 [cited 2026 June 3];42(2). Available from: http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page
AMA
1.Bhatti AM, Rana DAMK, Parveen S. Modality of Conditional Sentences in Punjabi Language. کھوج. 2022;42(2). Accessed June 3, 2026. http://khoj.ipcs.edu.pk/website/journal/article/638459be75281/page

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Type: Article
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Language: English
Id: 638459be75281
Discipline: Y
Published October 06, 2022

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